All requested funds transfers are performed by your banks using the ACH network -- the same network that banks and employers use for direct deposit and that you might use to pay your utility bill. ACH is governed by Reg E, meaning that in the unlikely event of an erroneous or fraudulent transfer, you have 60 days from the date of your bank statement to dispute the transfer with your bank, at which point the bank must reverse the transfer and investigate. By contrast, wire transfers typically cannot be reversed.
ACH transfers typically take 2-3 business days to complete. Over the past few years, NACHA, the organization that oversees the ACH network, has been moving towards same-day ACH transfers. As a result, some transfers requested through Max now settle same-day or next day, while others can still take 2-3 business days.
As a result, a full optimization which involves the transfer of funds from savings to checking and then from checking to savings could take up to a week from start to finish, but over time, this process should get faster as more banks move to the same-day standard. You can follow the progress of your Optimizations and Funds Transfers by clicking on the word "Optimizations" atop your Max Dashboard.
If you ever need funds immediately, you always retain the option to contact any of your banks directly and request a wire transfer.